Serveur d'exploration sur le lymphœdème

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes

Identifieur interne : 001421 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001420; suivant : 001422

Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes

Auteurs : Alexander Suh [Suède] ; Christopher C. Witt [États-Unis] ; Juliana Menger [Allemagne, Brésil] ; Keren R. Sadanandan [Singapour] ; Lars Podsiadlowski [Allemagne] ; Michael Gerth [Allemagne] ; Anne Weigert [Allemagne] ; Jimmy A. Mcguire [États-Unis] ; Joann Mudge [États-Unis] ; Scott V. Edwards [États-Unis] ; Frank E. Rheindt [Singapour]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4844689

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Parasite host switches may trigger disease emergence, but prehistoric host ranges are often unknowable. Lymphatic filariasis and loiasis are major human diseases caused by the insect-borne filarial nematodes Brugia, Wuchereria and Loa. Here we show that the genomes of these nematodes and seven tropical bird lineages exclusively share a novel retrotransposon, AviRTE, resulting from horizontal transfer (HT). AviRTE subfamilies exhibit 83–99% nucleotide identity between genomes, and their phylogenetic distribution, paleobiogeography and invasion times suggest that HTs involved filarial nematodes. The HTs between bird and nematode genomes took place in two pantropical waves, >25–22 million years ago (Myr ago) involving the Brugia/Wuchereria lineage and >20–17 Myr ago involving the Loa lineage. Contrary to the expectation from the mammal-dominated host range of filarial nematodes, we hypothesize that these major human pathogens may have independently evolved from bird endoparasites that formerly infected the global breadth of avian biodiversity.


Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11396
PubMed: 27097561
PubMed Central: 4844689


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Suh, Alexander" sort="Suh, Alexander" uniqKey="Suh A" first="Alexander" last="Suh">Alexander Suh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a1">
<institution>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University</institution>
, SE-752 36 Uppsala,
<country>Sweden</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Witt, Christopher C" sort="Witt, Christopher C" uniqKey="Witt C" first="Christopher C." last="Witt">Christopher C. Witt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a2">
<institution>Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico</institution>
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Menger, Juliana" sort="Menger, Juliana" uniqKey="Menger J" first="Juliana" last="Menger">Juliana Menger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a3">
<institution>Department of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)</institution>
, D-04318 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a4">
<institution>Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a5">
<institution>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)</institution>
, AM 69067-375 Manaus,
<country>Brazil</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadanandan, Keren R" sort="Sadanandan, Keren R" uniqKey="Sadanandan K" first="Keren R." last="Sadanandan">Keren R. Sadanandan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a6">
<institution>Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore</institution>
, Singapore 117543,
<country>Singapore</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Podsiadlowski, Lars" sort="Podsiadlowski, Lars" uniqKey="Podsiadlowski L" first="Lars" last="Podsiadlowski">Lars Podsiadlowski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a7">
<institution>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn</institution>
, D-53121 Bonn,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gerth, Michael" sort="Gerth, Michael" uniqKey="Gerth M" first="Michael" last="Gerth">Michael Gerth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a4">
<institution>Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weigert, Anne" sort="Weigert, Anne" uniqKey="Weigert A" first="Anne" last="Weigert">Anne Weigert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a4">
<institution>Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a8">
<institution>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcguire, Jimmy A" sort="Mcguire, Jimmy A" uniqKey="Mcguire J" first="Jimmy A." last="Mcguire">Jimmy A. Mcguire</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a9">
<institution>Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley</institution>
, Berkeley, California 94720,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mudge, Joann" sort="Mudge, Joann" uniqKey="Mudge J" first="Joann" last="Mudge">Joann Mudge</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a10">
<institution>National Center for Genome Resources</institution>
, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Edwards, Scott V" sort="Edwards, Scott V" uniqKey="Edwards S" first="Scott V." last="Edwards">Scott V. Edwards</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a11">
<institution>Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rheindt, Frank E" sort="Rheindt, Frank E" uniqKey="Rheindt F" first="Frank E." last="Rheindt">Frank E. Rheindt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a6">
<institution>Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore</institution>
, Singapore 117543,
<country>Singapore</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27097561</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4844689</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4844689</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4844689</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms11396</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000932</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000932</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000932</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000932</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000B98</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000B98</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000868</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000868</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000868</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000868</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000868</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000868</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">008194</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">008194</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">008194</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001423</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001421</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001421</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Suh, Alexander" sort="Suh, Alexander" uniqKey="Suh A" first="Alexander" last="Suh">Alexander Suh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a1">
<institution>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University</institution>
, SE-752 36 Uppsala,
<country>Sweden</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Witt, Christopher C" sort="Witt, Christopher C" uniqKey="Witt C" first="Christopher C." last="Witt">Christopher C. Witt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a2">
<institution>Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico</institution>
, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Menger, Juliana" sort="Menger, Juliana" uniqKey="Menger J" first="Juliana" last="Menger">Juliana Menger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a3">
<institution>Department of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)</institution>
, D-04318 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a4">
<institution>Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a5">
<institution>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)</institution>
, AM 69067-375 Manaus,
<country>Brazil</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadanandan, Keren R" sort="Sadanandan, Keren R" uniqKey="Sadanandan K" first="Keren R." last="Sadanandan">Keren R. Sadanandan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a6">
<institution>Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore</institution>
, Singapore 117543,
<country>Singapore</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Podsiadlowski, Lars" sort="Podsiadlowski, Lars" uniqKey="Podsiadlowski L" first="Lars" last="Podsiadlowski">Lars Podsiadlowski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a7">
<institution>Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn</institution>
, D-53121 Bonn,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gerth, Michael" sort="Gerth, Michael" uniqKey="Gerth M" first="Michael" last="Gerth">Michael Gerth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a4">
<institution>Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weigert, Anne" sort="Weigert, Anne" uniqKey="Weigert A" first="Anne" last="Weigert">Anne Weigert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a4">
<institution>Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a8">
<institution>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</institution>
, D-04103 Leipzig,
<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcguire, Jimmy A" sort="Mcguire, Jimmy A" uniqKey="Mcguire J" first="Jimmy A." last="Mcguire">Jimmy A. Mcguire</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a9">
<institution>Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley</institution>
, Berkeley, California 94720,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mudge, Joann" sort="Mudge, Joann" uniqKey="Mudge J" first="Joann" last="Mudge">Joann Mudge</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a10">
<institution>National Center for Genome Resources</institution>
, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Edwards, Scott V" sort="Edwards, Scott V" uniqKey="Edwards S" first="Scott V." last="Edwards">Scott V. Edwards</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a11">
<institution>Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rheindt, Frank E" sort="Rheindt, Frank E" uniqKey="Rheindt F" first="Frank E." last="Rheindt">Frank E. Rheindt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="a6">
<institution>Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore</institution>
, Singapore 117543,
<country>Singapore</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Nature Communications</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Biological Evolution</term>
<term>Bird Diseases (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Bird Diseases (history)</term>
<term>Bird Diseases (parasitology)</term>
<term>Bird Diseases (transmission)</term>
<term>Birds (classification)</term>
<term>Birds (parasitology)</term>
<term>Brugia (classification)</term>
<term>Brugia (genetics)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (history)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (transmission)</term>
<term>Filariasis (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Filariasis (history)</term>
<term>Filariasis (parasitology)</term>
<term>Filariasis (transmission)</term>
<term>Gene Transfer, Horizontal</term>
<term>History, Ancient</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Loa (classification)</term>
<term>Loa (genetics)</term>
<term>Loiasis (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Loiasis (history)</term>
<term>Loiasis (parasitology)</term>
<term>Loiasis (transmission)</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Phylogeography</term>
<term>Retroelements</term>
<term>Wuchereria (classification)</term>
<term>Wuchereria (genetics)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Brugia ()</term>
<term>Brugia (génétique)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (histoire)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (transmission)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Filarioses (histoire)</term>
<term>Filarioses (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Filarioses (transmission)</term>
<term>Filarioses (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Histoire ancienne</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Loa ()</term>
<term>Loa (génétique)</term>
<term>Loase (histoire)</term>
<term>Loase (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Loase (transmission)</term>
<term>Loase (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Maladies des oiseaux (histoire)</term>
<term>Maladies des oiseaux (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Maladies des oiseaux (transmission)</term>
<term>Maladies des oiseaux (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Oiseaux ()</term>
<term>Oiseaux (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Phylogéographie</term>
<term>Rétroéléments</term>
<term>Transfert horizontal de gène</term>
<term>Wuchereria ()</term>
<term>Wuchereria (génétique)</term>
<term>Évolution biologique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en">
<term>Retroelements</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en">
<term>Birds</term>
<term>Brugia</term>
<term>Loa</term>
<term>Wuchereria</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Bird Diseases</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
<term>Filariasis</term>
<term>Loiasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en">
<term>Brugia</term>
<term>Loa</term>
<term>Wuchereria</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Brugia</term>
<term>Loa</term>
<term>Wuchereria</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="histoire" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Filarioses</term>
<term>Loase</term>
<term>Maladies des oiseaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en">
<term>Bird Diseases</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
<term>Filariasis</term>
<term>Loiasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Filarioses</term>
<term>Loase</term>
<term>Maladies des oiseaux</term>
<term>Oiseaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Bird Diseases</term>
<term>Birds</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
<term>Filariasis</term>
<term>Loiasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en">
<term>Bird Diseases</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
<term>Filariasis</term>
<term>Loiasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Filarioses</term>
<term>Loase</term>
<term>Maladies des oiseaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Biological Evolution</term>
<term>Gene Transfer, Horizontal</term>
<term>History, Ancient</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Phylogeography</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Brugia</term>
<term>Histoire ancienne</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Loa</term>
<term>Oiseaux</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Phylogéographie</term>
<term>Rétroéléments</term>
<term>Transfert horizontal de gène</term>
<term>Wuchereria</term>
<term>Évolution biologique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>Parasite host switches may trigger disease emergence, but prehistoric host ranges are often unknowable. Lymphatic filariasis and loiasis are major human diseases caused by the insect-borne filarial nematodes
<italic>Brugia</italic>
,
<italic>Wuchereria</italic>
and
<italic>Loa</italic>
. Here we show that the genomes of these nematodes and seven tropical bird lineages exclusively share a novel retrotransposon, AviRTE, resulting from horizontal transfer (HT). AviRTE subfamilies exhibit 83–99% nucleotide identity between genomes, and their phylogenetic distribution, paleobiogeography and invasion times suggest that HTs involved filarial nematodes. The HTs between bird and nematode genomes took place in two pantropical waves, >25–22 million years ago (Myr ago) involving the
<italic>Brugia</italic>
/
<italic>Wuchereria</italic>
lineage and >20–17 Myr ago involving the
<italic>Loa</italic>
lineage. Contrary to the expectation from the mammal-dominated host range of filarial nematodes, we hypothesize that these major human pathogens may have independently evolved from bird endoparasites that formerly infected the global breadth of avian biodiversity.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Keeling, P J" uniqKey="Keeling P">P. J. Keeling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palmer, J D" uniqKey="Palmer J">J. D. Palmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hotopp, J C D" uniqKey="Hotopp J">J. C. D. Hotopp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mower, J P" uniqKey="Mower J">J. P. Mower</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stefanovic, S" uniqKey="Stefanovic S">S. Stefanovic</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Young, G J" uniqKey="Young G">G. J. Young</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palmer, J D" uniqKey="Palmer J">J. D. Palmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pace, J K" uniqKey="Pace J">J. K. Pace</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, C" uniqKey="Gilbert C">C. Gilbert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clark, M S" uniqKey="Clark M">M. S. Clark</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Feschotte, C" uniqKey="Feschotte C">C. Feschotte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, C" uniqKey="Gilbert C">C. Gilbert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schaack, S" uniqKey="Schaack S">S. Schaack</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pace, J K" uniqKey="Pace J">J. K. Pace</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brindley, P J" uniqKey="Brindley P">P. J. Brindley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Feschotte, C" uniqKey="Feschotte C">C. Feschotte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Houck, M" uniqKey="Houck M">M. Houck</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clark, J" uniqKey="Clark J">J. Clark</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peterson, K" uniqKey="Peterson K">K. Peterson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kidwell, M" uniqKey="Kidwell M">M. Kidwell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ivancevic, A M" uniqKey="Ivancevic A">A. M. Ivancevic</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walsh, A M" uniqKey="Walsh A">A. M. Walsh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kortschak, R D" uniqKey="Kortschak R">R. D. Kortschak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adelson, D L" uniqKey="Adelson D">D. L. Adelson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schaack, S" uniqKey="Schaack S">S. Schaack</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, C" uniqKey="Gilbert C">C. Gilbert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Feschotte, C" uniqKey="Feschotte C">C. Feschotte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Silva, J" uniqKey="Silva J">J. Silva</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Loreto, E" uniqKey="Loreto E">E. Loreto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clark, J" uniqKey="Clark J">J. Clark</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kordis, D" uniqKey="Kordis D">D. Kordiš</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gubensek, F" uniqKey="Gubensek F">F. Gubenšek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walsh, A M" uniqKey="Walsh A">A. M. Walsh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kortschak, R D" uniqKey="Kortschak R">R. D. Kortschak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gardner, M G" uniqKey="Gardner M">M. G. Gardner</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bertozzi, T" uniqKey="Bertozzi T">T. Bertozzi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adelson, D L" uniqKey="Adelson D">D. L. Adelson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sormacheva, I" uniqKey="Sormacheva I">I. Sormacheva</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, G" uniqKey="Zhang G">G. Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ghedin, E" uniqKey="Ghedin E">E. Ghedin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harris, T W" uniqKey="Harris T">T. W. Harris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Desjardins, C A" uniqKey="Desjardins C">C. A. Desjardins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Howe, K L" uniqKey="Howe K">K. L. Howe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Green, R E" uniqKey="Green R">R. E. Green</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lawson, D" uniqKey="Lawson D">D. Lawson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wallau, G L" uniqKey="Wallau G">G. L. Wallau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ortiz, M F" uniqKey="Ortiz M">M. F. Ortiz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Loreto, E L S" uniqKey="Loreto E">E. L. S. Loreto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gogolevsky, K P" uniqKey="Gogolevsky K">K. P. Gogolevsky</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vassetzky, N S" uniqKey="Vassetzky N">N. S. Vassetzky</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kramerov, D A" uniqKey="Kramerov D">D. A. Kramerov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jarvis, E D" uniqKey="Jarvis E">E. D. Jarvis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weller, A M" uniqKey="Weller A">A. M. Weller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rodelsperger, C" uniqKey="Rodelsperger C">C. Rödelsperger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberhardt, G" uniqKey="Eberhardt G">G. Eberhardt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Molnar, R I" uniqKey="Molnar R">R. I. Molnar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sommer, R J" uniqKey="Sommer R">R. J. Sommer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thomas, J A" uniqKey="Thomas J">J. A. Thomas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Welch, J J" uniqKey="Welch J">J. J. Welch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lanfear, R" uniqKey="Lanfear R">R. Lanfear</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bromham, L" uniqKey="Bromham L">L. Bromham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blaxter, M" uniqKey="Blaxter M">M. Blaxter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Denver, D R" uniqKey="Denver D">D. R. Denver</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Small, S T" uniqKey="Small S">S. T. Small</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tisch, D J" uniqKey="Tisch D">D. J. Tisch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zimmerman, P A" uniqKey="Zimmerman P">P. A. Zimmerman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blaxter, M" uniqKey="Blaxter M">M. Blaxter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koutsovoulos, G" uniqKey="Koutsovoulos G">G. Koutsovoulos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Newton, I" uniqKey="Newton I">I. Newton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Claramunt, S" uniqKey="Claramunt S">S. Claramunt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cracraft, J" uniqKey="Cracraft J">J. Cracraft</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Prum, R O" uniqKey="Prum R">R. O. Prum</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ericson, P G" uniqKey="Ericson P">P. G. Ericson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schweizer, M" uniqKey="Schweizer M">M. Schweizer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Seehausen, O" uniqKey="Seehausen O">O. Seehausen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hertwig, S T" uniqKey="Hertwig S">S. T. Hertwig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Suh, A" uniqKey="Suh A">A. Suh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ericson, P G P" uniqKey="Ericson P">P. G. P. Ericson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcinerney, J" uniqKey="Mcinerney J">J. McInerney</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pisani, D" uniqKey="Pisani D">D. Pisani</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bapteste, E" uniqKey="Bapteste E">E. Bapteste</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Connell, M" uniqKey="O Connell M">M. O'Connell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rheindt, F E" uniqKey="Rheindt F">F. E. Rheindt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fujita, M K" uniqKey="Fujita M">M. K. Fujita</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilton, P R" uniqKey="Wilton P">P. R. Wilton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Edwards, S V" uniqKey="Edwards S">S. V. Edwards</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Altschul, S F" uniqKey="Altschul S">S. F. Altschul</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gish, W" uniqKey="Gish W">W. Gish</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miller, W" uniqKey="Miller W">W. Miller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Myers, E W" uniqKey="Myers E">E. W. Myers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lipman, D J" uniqKey="Lipman D">D. J. Lipman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ganapathy, G" uniqKey="Ganapathy G">G. Ganapathy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Benson, D A" uniqKey="Benson D">D. A. Benson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oleksyk, T K" uniqKey="Oleksyk T">T. K. Oleksyk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Seabury, C M" uniqKey="Seabury C">C. M. Seabury</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dasmahapatra, K K" uniqKey="Dasmahapatra K">K. K. Dasmahapatra</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Suh, A" uniqKey="Suh A">A. Suh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Katoh, K" uniqKey="Katoh K">K. Katoh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Toh, H" uniqKey="Toh H">H. Toh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Katoh, K" uniqKey="Katoh K">K. Katoh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Standley, D M" uniqKey="Standley D">D. M. Standley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Castresana, J" uniqKey="Castresana J">J. Castresana</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stamatakis, A" uniqKey="Stamatakis A">A. Stamatakis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoover, P" uniqKey="Hoover P">P. Hoover</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rougemont, J" uniqKey="Rougemont J">J. Rougemont</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miller, M A" uniqKey="Miller M">M. A. Miller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pfeiffer, W" uniqKey="Pfeiffer W">W. Pfeiffer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schwartz, T" uniqKey="Schwartz T">T. Schwartz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tamura, K" uniqKey="Tamura K">K. Tamura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stecher, G" uniqKey="Stecher G">G. Stecher</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peterson, D" uniqKey="Peterson D">D. Peterson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Filipski, A" uniqKey="Filipski A">A. Filipski</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S. Kumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kimura, M" uniqKey="Kimura M">M. Kimura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, G" uniqKey="Zhang G">G. Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jarvis, E D" uniqKey="Jarvis E">E. D. Jarvis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, Y" uniqKey="Yu Y">Y. Yu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harris, A J" uniqKey="Harris A">A. J. Harris</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="He, X" uniqKey="He X">X. He</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, Y" uniqKey="Yu Y">Y. Yu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harris, A J" uniqKey="Harris A">A. J. Harris</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blair, C" uniqKey="Blair C">C. Blair</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="He, X" uniqKey="He X">X. He</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aguinaldo, A M A" uniqKey="Aguinaldo A">A. M. A. Aguinaldo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olson, S L" uniqKey="Olson S">S. L. Olson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Irestedt, M" uniqKey="Irestedt M">M. Irestedt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ohlson, J I" uniqKey="Ohlson J">J. I. Ohlson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zuccon, D" uniqKey="Zuccon D">D. Zuccon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="K Llersjo, M" uniqKey="K Llersjo M">M. Källersjö</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ericson, P G P" uniqKey="Ericson P">P. G. P. Ericson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Viseshakul, N" uniqKey="Viseshakul N">N. Viseshakul</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcguire, J A" uniqKey="Mcguire J">J. A. McGuire</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mayr, G" uniqKey="Mayr G">G. Mayr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y. Yang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Longo, M S" uniqKey="Longo M">M. S. Longo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brown, J D" uniqKey="Brown J">J. D. Brown</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, C" uniqKey="Zhang C">C. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Neill, M J" uniqKey="O Neill M">M. J. O'Neill</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Neill, R J" uniqKey="O Neill R">R. J. O'Neill</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Brésil</li>
<li>Singapour</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Suède">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Suh, Alexander" sort="Suh, Alexander" uniqKey="Suh A" first="Alexander" last="Suh">Alexander Suh</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Witt, Christopher C" sort="Witt, Christopher C" uniqKey="Witt C" first="Christopher C." last="Witt">Christopher C. Witt</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Edwards, Scott V" sort="Edwards, Scott V" uniqKey="Edwards S" first="Scott V." last="Edwards">Scott V. Edwards</name>
<name sortKey="Mcguire, Jimmy A" sort="Mcguire, Jimmy A" uniqKey="Mcguire J" first="Jimmy A." last="Mcguire">Jimmy A. Mcguire</name>
<name sortKey="Mudge, Joann" sort="Mudge, Joann" uniqKey="Mudge J" first="Joann" last="Mudge">Joann Mudge</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Menger, Juliana" sort="Menger, Juliana" uniqKey="Menger J" first="Juliana" last="Menger">Juliana Menger</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Gerth, Michael" sort="Gerth, Michael" uniqKey="Gerth M" first="Michael" last="Gerth">Michael Gerth</name>
<name sortKey="Menger, Juliana" sort="Menger, Juliana" uniqKey="Menger J" first="Juliana" last="Menger">Juliana Menger</name>
<name sortKey="Podsiadlowski, Lars" sort="Podsiadlowski, Lars" uniqKey="Podsiadlowski L" first="Lars" last="Podsiadlowski">Lars Podsiadlowski</name>
<name sortKey="Weigert, Anne" sort="Weigert, Anne" uniqKey="Weigert A" first="Anne" last="Weigert">Anne Weigert</name>
<name sortKey="Weigert, Anne" sort="Weigert, Anne" uniqKey="Weigert A" first="Anne" last="Weigert">Anne Weigert</name>
</country>
<country name="Brésil">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Menger, Juliana" sort="Menger, Juliana" uniqKey="Menger J" first="Juliana" last="Menger">Juliana Menger</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Singapour">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Sadanandan, Keren R" sort="Sadanandan, Keren R" uniqKey="Sadanandan K" first="Keren R." last="Sadanandan">Keren R. Sadanandan</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Rheindt, Frank E" sort="Rheindt, Frank E" uniqKey="Rheindt F" first="Frank E." last="Rheindt">Frank E. Rheindt</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001421 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001421 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Sante
   |area=    LymphedemaV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:4844689
   |texte=   Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:27097561" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31.
Data generation: Sat Nov 4 17:40:35 2017. Site generation: Tue Feb 13 16:42:16 2024